The radiation environment to which the population of Sweden is exposed is dominated by medical investigations and background radiation from the ground and building materials in our houses. That is the conclusion of the first general Swedish summary of environmental monitoring data and dose calculations within the field of radiation. The report shows that people’s behaviour in the form of their exposure to the sun and smoking has a major impact on the risk of suffering radiation injuries. The radiation dose received by individuals can also be high as a result of high indoor radon concentrations or high concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water.